Komersialisasi Pertanian Kota Dalam Tekanan Pasar Perspektif Ekologi Politik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58794/sumur.v2i2.954Keywords:
Pertanian Perkotaan, Komersialisasi, Ekologi PolitikAbstract
Adanya praktik pertanian perkotaan yang bersifat komersial menunjukkan adanya fenomena komersialisasi yang melibatkan pelaku produsen sebagai penghasil output yang dikomodifikasi dalam skala global dan lokal. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya, pertanian perkotaan sering diidentifikasikan sebagai gerakan alternatif untuk memperkuat ketahanan pangan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku produsen dalam unit rumah tangga. Namun dalam perkembangannya saat ini, pelaku produsen pertanian perkotaan berasal dari berbagai latar belakang sosial dan ekonomi, terutama mereka yang melakukan praktik pertanian perkotaan berskala komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur indeks komersialisasi rumah tangga petani sekaligus mendeskripsikan fenomena komersialisasi pertanian perkotaan yang dikendalikan oleh kekuatan ekonomi-politik dalam skala global dan lokal berdasarkan perspektif ekologi politik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode campuran dengan desain eksplanatori. Proses pengumpulan data kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner indeks komersialisasi pertanian perkotaan, sedangkan pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks komersialisasi rumah tangga petani perkotaan sebesar 94,71%. Artinya sebagian besar hasil panen petani berorientasi untuk dijual kepada pelaku pasar. Proses komersialisasi memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap penerapan instrumen regulasi teknis dan standar pangan yang memiliki esensi untuk menjamin keamanan pangan dan stabilitas lingkungan. Namun, petani semakin terjerat dalam mekanisme kemitraan dengan perusahaan pertanian. Konsekuensi sosialnya adalah petani kehilangan otoritas dalam mengelola metode produksi, menentukan jenis input, dan kehilangan kekuatan dalam menentukan harga jual.
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