An Expert System for Diagnosing Monkeypox Diseases Using Forward Chaining Method by Mobile

-Monkey pox is a disease transmitted by an animal virus. The virus is spread through direct contact with animals or from people who have been exposed to the disease. The development of technology in this era is quite rapid and is widely used as a means to improve human performance. The development of technology is currently widely used in the field of artificial intelligence. An expert system is a reasoning system that uses special knowledge to detect diseases. Today's society diagnoses itself a lot without knowing whether or not the disease is true. So this application helps to solve these problems. One of the diseases that uses artificial intelligence technology with the help of expert systems is monkey pox. In this application, the author uses the forward chaining method to form reasoning in the expert system. This method begins with collecting facts to make provisions as predicted. This application is intended to help people overcome confusion due to monkey pox while providing information to the general public about various types of diseases that exist in the community. This expert system is based on the study of literature such as texts, books, and journals. Well, from this application, users can choose the symptoms of the disease experienced by the patient, and the data will be processed to produce a diagnosis of the disease.


I.
PRELIMINARY Monkeypox is a viral infectious disease caused by orthopoxvirus. This rare disease is quite dangerous after the outbreak of covid-19 [1] [2]. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), it is stated that monkey pox disease is an emergency endemic that will become a global health problem, and it is expected that more cases of this disease will be identified in the future. Based on data from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the total cases of smallpox in the world have now reached 20,638 people in 77 countries as of July 28, 2022. Of these, the United States is the country with the most smallpox cases in the world, namely 4,638 people. Spain came in second, with a total of 3,738 people. Then, in Germany, England was 2,459 and France had a population of 2,432 and 1,837, respectively. There are also 818 people in the Netherlands. Canada and Brazil placed sixth with the same number of monkey pox cases, at 745 people [3].
The first case of monkey pox was identified in Indonesia. Through further examination, one Indonesian citizen was confirmed positive for monkey pox, with a history of traveling abroad which was suspected to be transmitted through close contact with the patient [4]. This infection of monkey pox transmission is characterized by purulent nodules on the skin and bumps in certain areas [5] [6].
This rare disease originates from animals such as rats, squirrels, and monkeys that have been infected by the virus [7]. In Indonesia, there are still many people who keep animals but do not know what the animal is sick with and eventually they diagnose themselves without taking it to the vet. And in general, monkeypox disease is infected from wild animals such as rats, squirrels, and monkeys, but there can also be secondary transmission from humans. There are still many people who are confused about what symptoms are experienced by patients affected by monkeypox. For this reason, it is important for the community to maintain the cleanliness of the environment and limit direct contact with people who are sick. And people can better understand this disease and can take action by using this application.
An expert system is a system that uses human thinking built into a system to detect a disease so that it does not go wrong and makes it easier for people or sufferers to know the symptoms. So that the handling process can also be done quickly and precisely. In this study, the forward chaining method was used. The forward chaining method has the advantage that the search will start according to the existing symptoms, so that from the symptom information, appropriate and fast treatment can be found [8] [9].
Based on these problems, the formulation of the problem for this study is how to design an expert system application that is practical and easy to understand by users for disease diagnosis. Thus, the purpose of this study is to make it easier for the public to diagnose monkey pox from the symptoms experienced without having to see a doctor and provide benefits as an information medium, and develop a companion system to diagnose types of diseases in users.

II. RELATED RESEARCH Foreign Studies
CPC Munaiseche, DR Kaparang and PTD Rompas "An Expert System for Diagnosing Eye Diseases using Forward Chaining Method" Discussions on diagnosing eye diseases use forward chaining methods to find out user acceptance of these applications through usability testing. The relationship with this journal with the research taken is that both use the forward chaining method. What will be developed from this journal by the current journal under study is from web to mobile [10].

Local Studies
Siti Nurajizah and Maulana Saputra "Sistem Pakar Berbasis Android untuk Diagnosa Penyakit Kulit Kucing dengan Metode Forward Chaining" Discussion on Diagnosing Cat Skin Diseases as a first step to applying artificial intelligence in the medical world. The relationship between this journal and the research taken is that both use the forward chaining method. What will be developed from this journal by the current journal under study is to add to its menu such as the nearest veterinarian and input advice [11].

III. RESEARCH METHODS
The data collection technique used is a literature study. The literature study is conducted through texts, books, and journals about similar research in order to compare the benefits and drawbacks of previous research.
The following are the design stages contained in this study the design of use case diagram, system activity diagrams, and the interface design of the system, which will determine the features and appearance of the system.

Figure 2. Diagnosis Activity diagram
The following is a flow Diagnosis Activity diagram when the user has entered the application the user will diagnose, then the system will display the diagnosis menu. Furthermore, the user will be given several questions and answer all his questions. After answering all the questions, the user will see the display of the diagnosis results.

Forward Chaining
Forward chaining is a search technique that starts with known facts and then matches those facts with the IF section of the IF-THEN rules. If there are facts that match the IF section, then the rule is executed. When a rule is executed, a new fact (THEN section) is added to the database. Each time it matches, it starts from the top rule. Each rule can only be executed once. The matching process stops when there are no more executable rules [13][14] [15].
In this forward chaining, the user must answer a number of questions that have been provided by the system related to the symptoms experienced by the user. From these questions the system will draw conclusions from the symptoms experienced by the user. The forward chaining process can be seen in figure 3 below: The following is an overview of the flowchart, starting with starting then entering the question stage, at this stage will be given several questions, if you don't answer all the questions then the data will not be saved. Then in the question session, in this question session must answer all the questions that are on the data that has been provided, then after answering all questions the data will be stored. After collecting the data, the results will come out, then it's done.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The observation yielded 21 symptoms and four disease data. This data will be processed for the system. In this study, a rule base was also created, which would govern the process of disease diagnosis by the system [ bone pain G015 Amused feelings G016 burn G017 shortness of breath G018 Appears papules G019 No itching G020 Papules easily spread to skin areas G021 When it breaks, a brass-white liquid will come out  Code symptom  Code  disease  G004, G006, G001, G016, G012  H01  G011, G014, G002, G004, G013, G015, G016  H02  G001, G011, G002, G003, G004, G005, G006, G009, G007,  G008, G010 H03 G018, G019, G020, G021 H04 Rules are written in the form of IF-THEN. This rule can be said to be a two-part implementation relationship, namely the premises part (if) and the conclusion part (then). If the premise part is met then the conclusion part will be true. A rule consists of clauses similar to a subject sentence, a verb and an object stating a fact. There is a promise clause and a conclusion clause on a rule, there is also a rule consisting of several promises and several conclusions. Between promise and conclusion can relate to "OR" or "AND". In the table above are some of the table of questions that will be displayed in the application. The language used is a language that is easy to understand with the user, so that the user does not need to be confused to answer his questions.

User Interface Design
Interface is one of the services provided by the operating system as a means of interaction between the user and the operating system. The interface of the application is as follows:

Picture4. Home page
The main menu of this application has three menus, namely the diagnosis menu, about this application and exit. In the diagnosis menu, the user will diagnose directly with the expert system, while the menu about the application will display the definition of the application and credits, then the exit menu on this menu the user will exit the application.

Picture 5. Diagnosis menu
In the diagnosis menu, the user will answer all the questions that will be given to the user by pressing the right button if it is bernar and wrong if it is wrong. In this menu the user must answer all his questions otherwise it will return to the first question.

Picture 6. Diagnosis results
After the user answers all the questions, the user will know the results. When the results come out, the user can immediately see a doctor immediately so that the smallpox disease can be treated quickly.

Picture 7. About Application
In the view about this application the user will see the meaning of this application and the credit of this application.